Interconversion of kinetic and potential energy of fluids.



- S. Z. DE FBRRANTI.

INTERGDNVERSION OF KINETIG AND POTENTIAL ENERGY 0F FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED 1:20.20. 1909.

964,633, I Patented July 19,1910.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FEBRAN'II, OF GRINDLE'FORD, ENGLAND.

INTERGONVERSION 0F KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY 0F FLUIDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 19, 1910.

Original application filed December 16. 1907. Serial No. 406,802. Divided and this appllcation filed Decemher 28, 1909. Serial No. 535,335.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SEBASTIAN Zia). on FERRAX'II, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Grindlcford, in the county of Derby, England, have invented ccrtaiii new and useful Improvei'neuts in and Relating to the Interrouvcrsion of Kinetic and Potential Energy of Fluids, of which the following is a specilicution.

This invention relates to the conversion of the kinetic energy of a fluid more or less into potential energy by means of nozzles, being a divided out application from Patent No. 948,213, and is applicable to fluid coinprcssors, pumps and many other kinds of up ilianccs.

thus hitherto been found that nozzles when applied for this form of energy conversion were extremely inetlicicnt. I have found in nozzles us hcretofi'n'c constructed that when the particles of fluid at high velocity entered the increasing area portion of the nozzle, the paths of the particles were substantially parallel to one another, so that the stream of flow did not efiiciently fill the nozzle, owing to the fact that no lateral force was present to cause the divergence of flow. I have come to the conclusion that no such force can exist under the given conditions, and after careful investigation of this problem, I have found that a substantial portion of the fluid flows on with but little diminished velocity through the increasing urea nozzle. It follows, therefore, that not only must the path be of increasing area )ortion but the projection of the high velocity fluid entering the some must be effected along straightdivcrgent lines corresponding to the nozzle divergence, so that practically no change of direction of projcction is imposed upon the fluid during compression. Although it is of greater importance to project the fluid into the increasing area nozzle along lines corresponding to its divergent-c, yet the same principle may also be applied in decreasing area portions of the nozzle when such are used.

My invention consists in a. nozzle in which the conversioi'i of the kinetic energy of a fluid into potential energy is effected by projecting the fluid along straight divcrgcnt lines into the increasing area portion II] a radially outward direction.

My invention further consists in the improved nozzles to be hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated u sectional elevation of one form of nozzle constructed according to my inventlon.

In this nozzle the fluid is introduced through two oppositely disposed entry portions, (1 and o, of convergent form. and is diverted substantially at right angles to its original. line of now by menus of a guide, f, 1nto the increasing area part, g, which in this instance is formed or two disks, Ii, arranged substantially parallcl to one another. The dischar e 1nt0 the increasing part of the nozzle to es ilace radially, the increase of area. being 0 taincd by the divergence of the radial lines of flow as the lluid is projected outward from the center of the nozzle. The fluid from the nozzle is discharged into an annular chamber, 1?, surrounding the conversion part oi the nozzle. In some cases the guide piece may be dispensed with, the nnpact of the opposing jets causing the fluid to be projected into the increasing area portion along straight divergent lines. Again in other cases one of the opposite entry portio'ns may be dispensed with, a suitable guide piece being disposed opposite to the discharge from the remaining entry portion, so as to divert the fluid and discharge it radially into the increasing area passage of the nozzle in a similar manner to that before described. The fluid has imparted to it the necessary velocity by any well known means, and after passing through the entry portion of the nozzle is discharged radially outward through the increasing urea portion, in which the kinetic en'erg wholly or partly is converted into potentia energy.

It. will be evident that many modifications may be made in the details of construction of the nozzle which I have illustrated which is simply to be regarded as exemplary and not in any way restricting the scope of my iuvcnt ion.

l uving now described my invention what I claim as new and desirelo sccurc by Letlcrs latcnt is 1- i 1. In combination a casing huviugn. disklikc path of increasing urea formed therein. menus for supplying fluid to the central )ortion of shit disk-like path and directing it. through said increasing :u'cu path in straight di vcr ent, lines, together with means for leading tie fluid away from the outer periphery of said casing.

52. In combination a casing having a disklike path of increasing area formed therein, an inlet conduit of decreasing area, means for supplying fluid to said conduit, means for directing the liuid into said increasing area path in straight divergent. lines, to

ether with means for leading the fluid away em the outer periphery of said casing.

3. In combination a casing having a disklike path of incrcasin r area formed thrrein, an inlet conduit of eereasing area, means for leadin fluid from said conduit so that it passes t lrough said increasing area path in straight; divergent lines, means for supplying fiuid to said conduit, together with means for leadin fluid away periphery of sait conduit.

4. In comi'aination a casing having a disklike path of increasing area, an inlet conduit of deereasin area at right angles to said disk-like path, a conical member disposed in said conduit and adapted to direct the fluid into said increasing area portion in straight divergent tines, together with means for leading the liuid away from the outer pe' ripher I of said casing.

5. In eoluhimltion, a casing havin a disklike path of increasing area, together with means for leading fluid through said disk- ]ike path in straight divergcnt iines.

6. in combination, a casing having a disk like path of increasing area, means for intrmluciug jets of fluid to said casing: which coalesce and {mass through said disk-like path :11 straight tirergcut lines.

7. In combination, a casing having a disk like path of increasing area, n'leans for introducing jets of fluid at opposite sides of sand caslng which coalesce and are then led through said increasing area portion in 1 straight divergent lines, said means includtrom the outer ing' a decreasing area nozzle.

In test1mony whereof, .1 affix my signature in prcseuue of two witnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI. \Vitnesses:

:sL'ri-zu Anrnun EDGAR \Voonnnn, W ILLIAM' DUNCAN DAVIDSON. 

